Index

wersja polska

PB-2000C emulator

The program emulates the HD61700 microprocessor and uses the ROM dump from the original calculator, therefore it should function almost exactly like the real one.
It works on PC-compatible machines with Microsoft Windows operating system.

Files to download

Program version 28, updated 2025/01/20

pb2000es.zip - Delphi 5 sources

pb2000em.zip - compiled executable
Usage: extract the files into an empty directory, then run the program pb2000c.exe

ai1000em.zip - Japanese version AI-1000 with Lisp
Usage: Replace the files face.bmp and rom1.bin in the directory where the program was installed.

ROM images from the language cards

om51p.zip - Prolog language card OM-51B

om53b.zip - BASIC language card OM-53B

om54a.zip - CASL language card OM-54A

pb_casl.zip - BASIC+CASL language card (it's an OM-53B card with added CASL assembler and COMET simulator ported from the PB-1000C)

Usage: Place the files rom2.bin and overlay.bmp in the directory where the program was installed. Delete the file rom2.bin and restore the previous file overlay.bmp in order to return to the C interpreter.

The screenshots

Usage hints

• Following files contain the memory images, and are loaded when the program is started:

    rom0.bin     - processor's internal 6kB ROM
    rom1.bin     - external 64kB ROM
    charset.bin  - LCD controller's internal character ROM of size 1.5kB
    ram0.bin     - main 64kB RAM in page 1
    ram1.bin     - extra 32kB RAM in page 2
    register.bin - processor's internal register file
    rom2.bin     - optional main 64kB ROM in the language card
    rom3.bin     - optional additional 64kB ROM in the language card

• The updated files ram0.bin, ram1.bin and register.bin are saved when the program is terminated. If they weren't found, they will be created. In such case the memory has to be initialised with the New All button (F8).
• If any of the files rom2.bin or rom3.bin is present, the emulated machine will assume that a ROM card is inserted (presence/absence of those files influences the P1 state).
• The emulator can be operated with the mouse or the keyboard. Special function keys:

    Cursor keys: corresponding arrow keys
    Page Up:     red S
    Page Down:   CAPS
    Esc:         BRK
    Insert:      INS
    Delete:      DEL
    Backspace:   BS
    Enter:       EXE
    F2:          keyboard overlay
    F3:          suspends the code execution and opens the debugger window
    F4:          invokes the communication utility
    Shift+F4:    selection of the floppy disk image file
    F8:          New All
    F9:          Reset

MD-100 compatible peripheral devices

Serial port

The communication utility invoked with the F4 key is equivalent to a terminal program used with a real calculator. Button functions:

[Send]

selects the file to be sent to the calculator

[Receive]

selects the file to which the data received from the calculator is saved

[Stop]

closes the file

Printer

The printed text is saved to the file selected with the [Receive] button of the communication utility.

Floppy disk drive

The floppy disk image file is specified in the INI file or can be selected with Shift+F4. The file disk0.bin included in the archive contains a sample floppy disk image. The size of this file determines the storage media capacity. An original floppy disk can hold 327680 bytes, but the file system can handle volumes up to 512 kilobytes. Its contents can be manipulated with the md100 utility written by Marcus von Cube.

Integrated debugger

Disassembly box

• On entry, the starting address matches the Program Counter, but it can be modified by clicking on the address in the first line. New value must be confirmed with Enter.
• After clicking on a disassembled instruction, a new instruction can be typed. As with the starting address, pressing Enter accepts the changes. Only changes in the RAM area will be saved upon program termination, all ROM modifications will be lost. Characteristics:
  - labels and expressions aren't supported
  - accepted are hexadecimal (with the prefix &H) and decimal numbers
  - destination of relative jumps can be only specified as absolute address, not as displacement

Hex Editor box

• The HEX box allows viewing/changing the RAM contents only.
• It is possible to modify the starting address and the RAM contents by clicking on them. Enter accepts the changes.

Registers box

• The contents of the registers can be modified by clicking on them. Enter accepts the changes.
• The top line in the register box shows the state of the upper four bits of the Flag register. They can be modified as well.

Main register file box

• The contents of the registers can be modified by clicking on them. Enter accepts the changes.

Program execution control

• Closing the debugger windows resumes the program execution without tracing.
• Pressing the button [Run] in the Single step group box executes a single machine code instruction without servicing of the interrupts.
• To execute a specified number of machine code instructions type the required value to the field in the Number of steps group box, then press the associated [Run] button.
• The Breakpoint group box allows to specify condition that determine when the program execution should be interrupted. Currently it only compares the Breakpoint Address typed in the field with the Program Counter. When they match, the program execution is stopped and the debugger window reappears.

The pb2000c.ini file

Some parameters of the emulator can be customised by editing the pb2000c.ini file with any text editor.
Description of the contents of this file:

OscFreq = 910

This setting specifies the emulated CPU clock frequency in kHz.

DiskName = disk0.bin

This setting specifies the name the of the floppy disk image file. The full path can be provided as well.

Uninstalling

To uninstall the emulator, simply delete the directory where it was installed. The program doesn't modify anything outside its installation directory.

Acknowledgments

• The program includes a freeware component ThreadedTimer developed by Carlos Barbosa.

Known limitations and issues of the current version

• The sound isn't supported yet.
• The scrolling function of the LCD controller command $8 isn't supported.
• Bugs may still lurk in the rom0.bin memory image.

Conversion utilities

pb2000et.zip - sources and executables, DOS and Windows (in a DOS window)

Both programs modify the contents of the RAM image file ram0.bin located in the same directory.

RAMTRAN2

This utility transfers files between the PC and the ramdisk area of the RAM image used by the emulator. It accepts the same commands as the program RAMTRANS for the PB-1000, except that wider range of file types is recognised.

Text file types

S - Sequential files, including MEMO files, Pascal source files, files loaded via RS-232C and BASIC programs saved with SAVE,A

C - C source files

L - Lisp source files

P - Prolog source files

Binary file types

M - General binary files (for example created with BSAVE)

B - BASIC programs in internal representation

E - Pascal (E)xecutable

T - Pascal (T)yped

U - Pascal (U)nit

It's an adaptation of the md100 utility written by Marcus von Cube, which performs similar operations, but on an MD-100 floppy disk or an image thereof.

COMPILER

This utility is a C cross compiler equivalent to the PB-2000C built-in one. It doesn't have any advantages against the original LOAD command, exactly the same P-code and data structures are produced. It was written in C language with the intention to match the original program structure and algorithms as closely as possible in order to better understand them.

Usage: compiler.com source.c

The compiled code is executed in the usual way, with the RUN command.

Similar projects

An enhanced development of this design featuring TCP-based RS-232C serial port emulation and remote control.